Dispersed Organic Matter (DOM) can be found in sedimentary rocks and non-lithified sediments (e.g., soils) when conditions for preservation are favorable. DOM consists of terrestrial, lacustrine, or marine organic material, or a combination of these. The accumulation of organic material can give rise to organic-rich rocks known as source rocks, which, over time and under the influence of heat and pressure, generate hydrocarbons (such as oil and natural gas).

In petroleum geology, source rocks are crucial because they serve as the “sinks” of organic material. Through a process called maturation, this organic material transforms into hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons then migrate into other rock formations, where they may accumulate in reservoirs. During maturation, solid bitumen may also form, providing evidence of hydrocarbon generation. 

Thus, DOM—whether primary or secondary organic material—is valuable for source rock and reservoir exploration, as well as for basinal and environmental studies.